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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flp/FRT-System</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Das <b>Flp/FRT-System</b> ist eine Methode der <a href="../Genetik" title="Genetik">Genetik</a> zur Entfernung oder Einfügung von <a href="../DNA-Sequenz" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA-Sequenz">DNA-Sequenzen</a>. Das Flp/FRT-System wird unter anderem in der <a href="../Reverse_Genetik" title="Reverse Genetik">reversen Genetik</a> und im <a href="../RMCE-Kassettenaustauschverfahren" title="RMCE-Kassettenaustauschverfahren">Kassettenaustauschverfahren</a> zur Erzeugung <a href="../Gentechnisch_ver%C3%A4nderter_Organismus" title="Gentechnisch veränderter Organismus">transgener Organismen</a> verwendet.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>Das Flp/FRT-System verwendet die <a href="../Rekombinase" title="Rekombinase">Rekombinase</a> <i>Flippase</i> (<i>Flp</i>), um DNA-Sequenzen ortsspezifisch auszutauschen. Die Rekombinase <i>Flp</i> bindet an <i>FRT</i>-Sequenzen und <a href="../Rekombination_(Genetik)" title="Rekombination (Genetik)">rekombiniert</a> sie, z. B. in einem <a href="../Chromosom" title="Chromosom">Chromosom</a> oder einem <a href="../Plasmid" title="Plasmid">Plasmid</a>.
Die minimale FRT-Sequenz lautet (34 <a href="../Basenpaar" title="Basenpaar">Basenpaare</a>):
</p>
<dl><dd><b><sup>5'</sup>GAAGTTCCTATTC<i>tctagaaa</i>G<i>t</i>ATAGGAACTTC<sup>3'</sup></b></dd></dl>
<p>Die Flippase bindet an beide Enden der FRT-Sequenz, die auf beiden DNA-Strängen zueinander <a href="../Palindrom" title="Palindrom">palindromisch</a> sind. In der Mitte der FRT-Sequenz liegt ein minimaler Abstandshalter von acht Basenpaaren (tctagaaa). Auf dem <a href="../Plusstrang" class="mw-redirect" title="Plusstrang">Plusstrang</a> erfolgt durch die Flippase eine <a href="../Hydrolyse" title="Hydrolyse">Hydrolyse</a> der DNA vor dem Abstandshalter, auf dem <a href="../Minusstrang" class="mw-redirect" title="Minusstrang">Minusstrang</a> nach dem Abstandshalter.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Obwohl verschiedene FRT-Sequenzen bekannt sind, funktioniert eine Rekombination nur zwischen zwei gleichen Sequenzen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manche FRT-Sequenzen besitzen in <a href="../5'-Ende" class="mw-redirect" title="5'-Ende">5'-Richtung</a> eine zusätzliche DNA-Sequenz (5'-GAAGTTCCTATTCC-3') eine Base vor der FRT-Sequenz:
</p>
<dl><dd><b><sup>5'</sup>GAAGTTCCTATTC<i>c</i>GAAGTTCCTATTC<i>tctagaaa</i>G<i>t</i>ATAGGAACTTC<sup>3'</sup></b></dd></dl>
<p>Dieses Segment ist nicht notwendig bei der Entfernung einer DNA-Sequenz (bei einer Deletion), jedoch notwendig für eine Insertion, z. B. beim RMCE-Kassettenaustauschverfahren.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Insertion erfolgt unter <a href="../Inversion_(Genetik)" title="Inversion (Genetik)">Inversion</a> der DNA-Sequenzen. Nach der Rekombination verbleiben Teile der FRT-Sequenzen (<a href="../Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a> <i>FRT-Twins</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Rekombination kann durch gewebsspezifische <a href="../Promotor_(Genetik)" title="Promotor (Genetik)">Promotoren</a> auf einzelne <a href="../Organ_(Biologie)" title="Organ (Biologie)">Organe</a> beschränkt werden. Durch <a href="../Induktion_(Genetik)" title="Induktion (Genetik)">induzierbare</a> Promotoren (z. B. durch <a href="../Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">Tamoxifen</a> oder <a href="../Mifepriston" title="Mifepriston">Mifepriston</a>) kann der Rekombinationszeitpunkt gesteuert werden, z. B. bei der <a href="../Genexpression" title="Genexpression">Expression</a> toxischer <a href="../Protein" title="Protein">Proteine</a> oder bei <a href="../Letalfaktor" title="Letalfaktor">Letalfaktoren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anwendungen">Anwendungen</h2></div>
<p>Das Flp/FRT-System wird zur Erzeugung von <a href="../Mutante" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutante">Mutanten</a> mit Deletionen oder Insertionen verwendet, z. B. beim <a href="../Gen-Knockout" title="Gen-Knockout">Gen-Knockout</a>, bei der <a href="../Mosaik_(Genetik)" title="Mosaik (Genetik)">Mosaikenerzeugung</a> oder bei der Erzeugung transgener <a href="../Embryonale_Stammzelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonale Stammzelle">embryonaler Stammzellen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wurde unter anderem in <a href="../M%C3%A4use" title="Mäuse">Mäusen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="../Drosophila" title="Drosophila"><i>Drosophila spp.</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> der <a href="../B%C3%A4ckerhefe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bäckerhefe">Bäckerhefe</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und <a href="../Pflanzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pflanzen">Pflanzen</a> verwendet.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Eine Alternative zum Flp/FRT-System ist das <a href="../Cre/loxP-System" title="Cre/loxP-System">Cre/loxP-System</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhu XD, Sadowski PD: <cite style="font-style:italic">Cleavage-dependent Ligation by the FLP Recombinase</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Biological Chemistry</cite>. 270. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>39</span>, 1995, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>23044–54</span>, <a href="../Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.39.23044">10.1074/jbc.270.39.23044</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7559444?dopt=Abstract">PMID 7559444</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Flp%2FFRT-System&amp;rft.atitle=Cleavage-dependent+Ligation+by+the+FLP+Recombinase&amp;rft.au=Zhu+XD%2C+Sadowski+PD&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.doi=10.1074%2Fjbc.270.39.23044&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=39&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&amp;rft.pages=23044-54&amp;rft.pmid=7559444&amp;rft.volume=270.+Jahrgang" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schlake T, Bode J: <cite style="font-style:italic">Use of mutated FLP recognition target (FRT) sites for the exchange of expression cassettes at defined chromosomal loci</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biochemistry</cite>. 33. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>43</span>, 1994, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>12746–12751</span>, <a href="../Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00209a003">10.1021/bi00209a003</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7947678?dopt=Abstract">PMID 7947678</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Flp%2FFRT-System&amp;rft.atitle=Use+of+mutated+FLP+recognition+target+%28FRT%29+sites+for+the+exchange+of+expression+cassettes+at+defined+chromosomal+loci&amp;rft.au=Schlake+T%2C+Bode+J&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.doi=10.1021%2Fbi00209a003&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=43&amp;rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&amp;rft.pages=12746-12751&amp;rft.pmid=7947678&amp;rft.volume=33.+Jahrgang" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Turan, J. Kuehle, A. Schambach, C. Baum, J. Bode: <cite style="font-style:italic">Multiplexing RMCE: Versatile Extensions of the Flp-Recombinase-Mediated Cassette-Exchange Technology</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">J. Mol. Biol.</cite> 402. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 2010, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>52–69</span>, <a href="../Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2010.07.015">10.1016/j.jmb.2010.07.015</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20650281?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20650281</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Flp%2FFRT-System&amp;rft.atitle=Multiplexing+RMCE%3A+Versatile+Extensions+of+the+Flp-Recombinase-Mediated+Cassette-Exchange+Technology&amp;rft.au=S.%26%2332%3BTuran%2C%26%2332%3BJ.%26%2332%3BKuehle%2C%26%2332%3BA.%26%2332%3BSchambach%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.jmb.2010.07.015&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=J.+Mol.+Biol.&amp;rft.pages=52-69&amp;rft.pmid=20650281&amp;rft.volume=402.+Jahrgang" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S., Bode, J. Turan: <cite style="font-style:italic">Site-specific recombinases: from tag-and-target- to tag-and-exchange-based genomic modifications</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">FASEB J.</cite> 25. Jahrgang, 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4088–4107</span>, <a href="../Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.11-186940">10.1096/fj.11-186940</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21891781?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21891781</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Flp%2FFRT-System&amp;rft.atitle=Site-specific+recombinases%3A+from+tag-and-target-+to+tag-and-exchange-based+genomic+modifications&amp;rft.au=S.%2C+Bode%2C+J.%26%2332%3BTuran&amp;rft.btitle=FASEB+J.&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.doi=10.1096%2Ffj.11-186940&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=4088-4107&amp;rft.pmid=21891781&amp;rft.volume=25.+Jahrgang" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Turan, C. Zehe, J. Kuehle, J. Qiao, J. Bode: <i>Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) - a rapidly-expanding toolbox for targeted genomic modifications.</i> In: <i>Gene.</i> Band 515, Nummer 1, Februar 2013, S.&nbsp;1–27, <span class="-print"><a href="../Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221879-0038%22&amp;key=cql">1879-0038</a></span></span>. <a href="../Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.016">10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.016</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23201421?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23201421</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. A. Hutcheson, G. Kardon: <i>Genetic manipulations reveal dynamic cell and gene functions: Cre-ating a new view of myogenesis.</i> In: <i>Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.).</i> Band 8, Nummer 22, November 2009, S.&nbsp;3675–3678, <span class="-print"><a href="../Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221551-4005%22&amp;key=cql">1551-4005</a></span></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19844163?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19844163</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880528/">PMC&nbsp;2880528</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Mishina, K. Sakimura: <i>Conditional gene targeting on the pure C57BL/6 genetic background.</i> In: <i>Neuroscience research.</i> Band 58, Nummer 2, Juni 2007, S.&nbsp;105–112, <span class="-print"><a href="../Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220168-0102%22&amp;key=cql">0168-0102</a></span></span>. <a href="../Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2007.01.004">10.1016/j.neures.2007.01.004</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17298852?dopt=Abstract">PMID 17298852</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Lee, L. Luo: <i>Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (MARCM) for Drosophila neural development.</i> In: <i>Trends in neurosciences.</i> Band 24, Nummer 5, Mai 2001, S.&nbsp;251–254, <span class="-print"><a href="../Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220166-2236%22&amp;key=cql">0166-2236</a></span></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11311363?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11311363</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Mortensen: <i>Overview of gene targeting by homologous recombination.</i> In: <i>Current protocols in molecular biology / edited by Frederick M. Ausubel ... [et al.].</i> Chapter 23November 2006, S.&nbsp;Unit 23.1, <span class="-print"><a href="../Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221934-3647%22&amp;key=cql">1934-3647</a></span></span>. <a href="../Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142727.mb2301s76">10.1002/0471142727.mb2301s76</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444792?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19444792</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. E. Belizário, P. Akamini, P. Wolf, B. Strauss, J. Xavier-Neto: <i>New routes for transgenesis of the mouse.</i> In: <i>Journal of applied genetics.</i> Band 53, Nummer 3, August 2012, S.&nbsp;295–315, <span class="-print"><a href="../Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%222190-3883%22&amp;key=cql">2190-3883</a></span></span>. <a href="../Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-012-0096-y">10.1007/s13353-012-0096-y</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22569888?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22569888</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. A. Theodosiou, T. Xu: <i>Use of FLP/FRT system to study Drosophila development.</i> In: <i>Methods (San Diego, Calif.).</i> Band 14, Nummer 4, April 1998, S.&nbsp;355–365, <span class="-print"><a href="../Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221046-2023%22&amp;key=cql">1046-2023</a></span></span>. <a href="../Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.1998.0591">10.1006/meth.1998.0591</a></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9608507?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9608507</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. P. Schweizer: <i>Applications of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Flp-FRT system in bacterial genetics.</i> In: <i>Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology.</i> Band 5, Nummer 2, 2003, S.&nbsp;67–77, <span class="-print"><a href="../Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221464-1801%22&amp;key=cql">1464-1801</a></span></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12736528?dopt=Abstract">PMID 12736528</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Luo, A. P. Kausch: <i>Application of FLP/FRT site-specific DNA recombination system in plants.</i> In: <i>Genetic engineering.</i> Band 24, 2002, S.&nbsp;1–16, <span class="-print"><a href="../Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220196-3716%22&amp;key=cql">0196-3716</a></span></span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12416298?dopt=Abstract">PMID 12416298</a>.</span>
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